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1 W p6 A( Z2 X/ c3 F. mTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今日圣诞，老猫先祝大家圣诞快乐，虽然是洋人的节日：）下午贾陆英老师继续在老秘网$ N0 D3 A7 u, ~7 i
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# n4 m# Y: P* z7 Y/ Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群“重温经典读书会”49231471辅导我们学习《论语》。贾陆英老师一直记挂着我们这群“大学生”，原本这节课是安排在周三下午的，但贾老师届时另有要事，所以今日上午便特地在群里发出预告，提前到今日下午开课。有此良师，夫复何求？闲话少叙，立即把上课实录整理奉上。2 R; `& ] W: `- u' o+ smso-font-kerning:0pt">
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$ Z( a4 m# [4 Fmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第- |, e3 s. K |6 }mso-font-kerning:0pt">50 Y/ O1 O0 R+ b b
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* S' j% b9 y; i! \5 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">章：% B: w( Y) c3 E4 C4 W. R' p
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1 ]! V* |$ [: d0 nmso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子问孝，子曰：& A _0 z# }, J e. vmso-font-kerning:0pt">“% e( K; [2 H) F, o" O( h- u$ i4 {
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5 S9 R% |& ^1 H) ?' imso-font-kerning:0pt">无违。9 U5 }8 a7 n4 q( E# N' e3 imso-font-kerning:0pt">”5 \- C* Y! k/ Y: {mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;* A1 U' b8 p0 x+ `1 w# e! s K
mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟御，子告之曰：- a" H! d* E0 ~" M* bmso-font-kerning:0pt">“5 o. i) }: X" G+ s& E# ^mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;
" y) P) o" G, C: r" u8 |mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问孝于我，我对曰无违。5 g: F1 I( ?; U0 T( K _* U
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, F3 |7 c3 Q! n8 k: s: I9 r+ Imso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟曰：4 @& j6 e) d, K- v/ h0 {) F0 ?" Amso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 U7 W G& `, \) I# G8 i
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5 w$ m! o% J9 Y! u: Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">何谓也？$ y, b4 K4 k& u& u
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+ k! I" Q! p/ Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼；死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ |# u8 ]+ K$ x! ycolor:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”
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5 q' g$ j( t& Q g7 U' B6 Smso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子：鲁国大夫，三家之一，姓仲孙，名何忌，懿是谥号。他的父亲孟僖子临死时要他向孔子学礼。无违：不要违背礼。樊迟：孔子的学生，名须，字子迟，比孔子小四十六岁。御：驾驶马车。孟孙：指孟懿子。3 o; V, c8 x& q2 G2 f% p" i( v1 m5 R
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟懿子请教孔子什么是孝，孔子说：$ y$ W2 m+ ]0 ?7 h1 T) Y
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝就是不要违背礼。- R' d! e, A$ W0 z10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”3 U6 A! ~. N% J: ]0 [mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;' {. K* U) y* k4 {2 k) A
mso-font-kerning:0pt">一天，樊迟给孔子驾车，孔子告诉他说：2 P$ g$ X9 n4 n& N
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孟孙问我什么是孝，我回答他说不要违背礼。( V8 Y. W. H& _5 a( {
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">樊迟说：/ Z: v; D# w% [
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">这是什么意思呢* e" u' T K& ?' R; J( }. cmso-font-kerning:0pt">?" 6 G$ l) M3 f+ D6 C& b( Hfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;) y; G' `. a- ~
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孔子说：9 D; J$ H) _1 T1 |" Q ~& Z1 L+ M
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$ k+ c5 m P5 ^: n$ m/ s/ _# ~: omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母活着的时候，要按礼侍奉他们；父母死了，要按礼来埋葬他们，祭祀他们。4 L0 y3 P1 ]7 z0 d$ s$ Z% O' L) @& M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：怎样理解孝就是" ~' f5 n4 |; p+ z
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C7 R/ _. @( O3 D6 x2 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违8 ?3 Q# ~6 O% v& E9 E4 q10.5pt;font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">”' Y' y& @7 X2 K: h/ G% N+ n
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：孔子教人是很讲针对性的。孟懿子不能遵从他父亲贤而好礼之教，所以孔子针对他讲得# D: B ~8 F) \
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">无违; X* U9 o9 v. c0 O- v4 E
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* e6 H+ w) ^6 f Imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是不要违背父亲的教诲，这是就具体情况所做的回答。但是就普遍事理而言，孔子讲" ]9 Z5 |8 p( C4 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，强调要以礼事亲，不可违背于礼，- [8 z" b* v/ I9 S; Z& D. c* E& T& n: `mso-font-kerning:0pt">“" x0 S. L* v. @. W* Y/ _: J8 b
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& k4 \0 R, H# Emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。0 g2 X2 s6 e; _8 z/ Q5 X a' Ymso-font-kerning:0pt">”- `1 c7 r1 O# `) jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
, i$ J: N+ n; `6 _2 |) vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">父母在世，如有不合乎礼的言行，子女是不应当顺从的，而要以合乎礼的方法劝谏，这是对父母真正的爱护、尊敬。孝的精神，还应当体现在父母去世以后，要按照礼制去安葬他们、祭祀他们，这才算子女尽孝有始有终。/ A/ A5 i' D3 P Y! y: K% dmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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& i" A9 [2 s% X! _# F. N1 I9 Jmso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章谈孝的重点是，孝要落实到礼上。孔子讲仁与礼的关系，一方面强调仁是礼的核心，礼应当体现仁的精神；另一方面又强调，礼的规定体现了仁的要求，依礼而行就是仁。据此，是否做到了孝，要以是否依礼而行来衡量。; O8 Z1 M ]+ z; C/ k) Wmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">小风飕飕地：, \3 [% u/ f7 E8 M% Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！反过来说，虽然礼遇有加未必出于心敬，但若是不加礼遇那就一定是心不敬，也就是不孝啦。所以外在的礼对于孝来说很重要，如若无礼那必然是不孝！对父母尽孝道，是义' w8 \2 ^+ G6 U4 c' G4 S( ^' ~: q3 G+ P
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; w* K3 e- r$ { W G; N' iTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝最重要的是心敬，心敬外化出来的表现是礼遇！3 ^0 i- Z4 M5 @) K' amso-font-kerning:0pt">—— ] V/ z0 T$ jfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;- [ D, G, m2 a& e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">赞同。孝的本质，是发自内心的对父母的恭敬和感恩之情。有此心，才会有孝行。. n$ O- }( w) D0 \
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' E/ }% k, n: PTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾老，昨天晚生正好读到战国时期儒家关于礼、丧、祭的论述& }: G% A* V: N0 G. n0 q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。对父母的孝，绝对不能行功利主义，现在社会上很多人在父母有能力的时候，和颜悦色，等到父母年迈无力，不能给自己帮上什么了，就放弃赡养父母，这是一种巧言令色，有所图谋。这三点做到都是不简单的，先说不违，能够做到遵循父母的教导，按照父母意愿行事之人有几？晚生做不到，起码现在说，不孝有三无后为大，父母成天逼婚，依旧违背了。老吾老以及人之老啊1 `( ?) N/ A! }7 F" e9 F& V& t& |mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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- q! H+ g0 ]9 l @' o1 j* o' t/ Q* NTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。现在社会中，生前不依礼事亲，死后大操大办的现象很普遍，成为了陋习，也造成了很大的负担。, H. v. _) Q: p! N9 B& ^mso-font-kerning:0pt">
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孝经
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% ^; a7 R8 l6 U1 T3 `( tTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">孝，如今还在于与父母交心、沟通，体谅父母的难处，分担父母的责任。 ~/ _- \2 e6 Amso-font-kerning:0pt">——# s$ ~/ z0 V% ^; L( ? ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
& t3 Q5 e0 b+ }: R' T8 M- Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对，这是从情感上关心父母，是尽孝的重要内容。生，事之以礼。死，葬之以礼，祭之以礼。$ ^& C1 f; c, t6 G4 N8 E& ?
mso-font-kerning:0pt">——/ g, A! u' ~& S' b W J8 Z- [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
/ D* v+ K9 g+ U5 R z; U5 Z$ @+ imso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对父母的孝道，是义。如何尽孝，是礼。如何行礼，就是生而不违，去世行丧礼，祭祀行祭礼。《孝经》说：# F; {. o% c2 ?" J) M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼者，敬而已矣。故敬其父，则子悦；敬其兄，则弟悦；敬其君，则臣悦；敬一人，而千万人悦。所敬者寡，而悦者众，此之谓要道也。7 R. d( l, e" ^3 \mso-font-kerning:0pt">”8 {5 F! B, O0 }' n8 n
font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;* D# R- c- z1 d/ @% c; C- [7 S. e
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">礼的内在依据是孝悌，而外在表现，就是一个+ D) `, k9 M% b- J
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; Y/ ~- q2 n9 h$ \mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">敬: z. R# l9 M5 A( {- N: l! y8 a" b
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4 Q' |- w, t0 S. _mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">字。所以，如能尊敬他的父亲，那么其儿子就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的兄长，那么其弟弟就会喜悦；如能尊敬他的国君，那么其臣下就会喜悦。尊敬的是一个人，却能使千万人喜悦。所敬者虽然只是少数，而喜悦的人却有千千万万，这就是为什么把推行孝悌之道和礼乐教化称为; h* D7 k3 K1 u- E* X
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">的意义所在啊。; K% R2 I7 T2 L# r
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">嗯，这就是不孝有三的第一种。事谓阿意曲从，陷亲不义，一不孝也。我们通常将的孝顺的9 e a4 `0 T- ~! Y
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">其实就是不违的意思) b+ E7 O: r" f* Z
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