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今日下午，《论语札记》作者贾陆英老师继续在老秘网QQ群“重温经典读书会”组织大家学习讨论《论语》为政篇第2章。有贾老师的热心授课，我们的重温经典读书会已名副其实了。昨天老秘网新开了“公文写作合议庭”版块，也期待大家积极参与。这里，老猫把今日的聊天记录整理如下：
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8 u& r6 N( `' D' h9 P$ qTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">各位好，星期一下午有事未到，让大家久等了。特致歉意。今天下午，我们学习讨论《论语》为政篇第, j" H- H* _6 Pmso-font-kerning:0pt">2( ]1 K4 I( ^& ^) s
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">子曰：! `$ x' h! B4 emso-font-kerning:0pt">"5 {+ k& r, }* b; r" p, Cfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
# G! ?+ h) i" F7 t2 l+ ?mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。% y9 p- `7 _2 N/ X1 r! W' u
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百：《诗经》实有三百零五篇，三百只是举其整数。7 p6 a+ h4 i" K# f
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">：概括。思无邪：《诗经# p! L% l' S# c: smso-font-kerning:0pt">•! B$ r3 E4 q3 V6 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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3 m* r j6 X/ p* n' nmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">駧》》上的一句话。原文的思字是语助词，孔子借用这句话把思作思想讲。无邪：纯正，没有邪念。; Q+ j" g* M2 hmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》三百篇，用一句话来概括它，就是2 G! ]/ c) c: i1 l# _" O4 k. I, Z* k, h; l0pt">‘: W, F6 c* u% F) x' N
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, f3 e. L. F) o `Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">问：孔子为什么极为重视诗教？* L2 A, R$ D Q* M }' X0 N8 j4 \9 i
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">答：本章是孔子对《诗经》精神的概括。孔子曾经说过，吾道一以贯之，指出他的学说有一个贯穿其中的基本精神，读书学习，重要的是要把握这个基本精神。一言以蔽之，就是一以贯之的意思，2 \; k* ^3 H2 Z/ H8 m. V
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* q6 C6 \6 |; d% v9 U4 y: Smso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">就是贯穿于诗经三百篇中的核心精神。* b# X$ I z" l% D7 Xmso-font-kerning:0pt"> 3 y4 h0 k( e; I
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1 m6 N# |1 m. s% s$ k; {2 c/ omso-font-kerning:0pt">兴于诗、立于礼、成于乐7 P6 B# Q8 C$ f P
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mso-font-kerning:0pt">泰伯》），兴于诗，强调诗的教育之重要，所兴的是人的情感。立于礼，礼教的目的是使人在社会上立足。成于乐，乐教的目的是使这种: W3 `+ A6 [5 o) x* t! [mso-font-kerning:0pt">“& |( N6 E5 U& G' |font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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9 C- b/ R6 @0 W3 i; i0 Bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">最终得以完成。古人讲的+ k B; x ?2 Z3 tmso-font-kerning:0pt">“) c- |) D9 T! L7 {: ifont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，包括音乐、舞蹈、诗歌等等，诗歌是运用有节律、有韵律的语言反映生活、抒发情感的文学体裁，孔子认为，就教化的功能而言，+ D3 q( X+ K0 u, Mmso-font-kerning:0pt">“& B+ U* N" e' f# i" r
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是一个人品德养成、人性完善的最高层次。2 Z9 x+ M9 l6 d0 [( Q0 |# Emso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ A0 v" q3 V) K& @% f4 XTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">《诗经》是中国最早的一部诗歌总集，经孔子删订，收有从西周初年到春秋中叶的诗歌. B: {# x4 l; A$ ~8 G" ?6 h" ?! Tmso-font-kerning:0pt">305/ R3 h( w5 x' Q6 @font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
4 x5 X0 L3 p* w' X3 tmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">篇。孔子特别重视* L" o+ |& s6 X6 ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗+ f {& D: f" C& j; {
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# U7 V3 w" O9 s0 e/ S+ s% kmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">对于人格完善的重要作用，他说：& W0 d, l3 _9 _- f: Z1 I
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。" t3 g0 k' V& @9 X. R& Q
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语9 D7 i# H9 W7 ]8 O h1 R% o
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">季氏》）+ E6 d8 Q) X" Q3 n1 g6 O
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( g" E& Y7 {5 G& e: ], N8 i7 |9 dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观，可以群，可以怨。迩之事父，远之事君；多识于鸟兽草木之名。' J1 U7 k" D" W |
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">阳货》）由此可见，孔子重视《诗经》的教育，一是在于学习《诗》的语言和文化知识，二是通过, \1 [* x2 [( f6 T7 R5 K8 t: w! @% kmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 L- h4 R) J) S8 n5 Afont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;7 W L, C @3 N1 _9 H9 V
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">兴、观、群、怨( ?0 ]" v3 R. d B, T0 Vmso-font-kerning:0pt">”* y* S+ i2 B, ffont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;2 W! I+ C' T5 V+ u
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">陶冶人的情操，并对弟子进行事父、事君等政治思想教育，使人2 \+ @) g/ Z: ]3 N5 G
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，遐思而纯正，宁静而致远。1 V0 o! w! H+ f3 d9 ^& K* Zmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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2 |% a9 K5 @8 v. H: @6 Vmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">不学诗，无以言。4 f ~' f4 n4 p1 H0 [. d6 n7 \
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗三百，一言以蔽之，曰：思无邪。 t1 F3 Q5 r: p8 S7 k: ?
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">睡虫歪解：诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。" e2 l3 S, Q+ U Y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗歌三百篇，用一句话来掩盖，就是思想纯正。本来这诗歌中都是男思女，女想男，教人学坏啊。于是孔子来遮盖这个丑啊，就说，人家的思想是很纯洁的。- F! x1 a" h% G0 h
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">此乃& f+ N% w: W. A1 Z; N3 `" h$ e$ ]
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j, C2 u3 B6 ?% L* q9 e V& omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">。诗经确有许多歌颂男女爱情的作品，那时的社会风气是开化的，孔子的思想也是开化的。这种风气被改变，是后来的事。不可用后人的标准衡量前人。“我把贾老得罪了”4 K* B, E/ I1 \& ^
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$ c3 w% M- ~' Y: I4 @% j% Pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">开个玩笑，没关系的。) z; |# W! k( a" ~+ b" K
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3 m2 c }- T! V! \6 y( l$ S0 bmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">诗，可以兴，可以观、可以群，可以怨。/ R$ H5 X* F+ ^; y) ^
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">学诗的作用就在于7 [. E2 `& i) C& ^/ V
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群, ]! M# g: e7 t5 w/ |; U5 z8 @
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1 a: E3 Y& ~0 c3 |$ ]' Q+ amso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">四个字。所谓& @* V$ ]: T5 m6 _mso-font-kerning:0pt">“+ _( c; ?' c; m4 N: z+ j; rfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;9 G- }2 c! k1 a s6 u) P+ N
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& e6 s" D; o y0 jmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以激发人的兴致，培养想象力；所谓1 l& D" b1 x5 }2 f( c6 P
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以多识鸟兽草木等大自然之物，提高观察力；所谓' d5 k( u2 i; Qmso-font-kerning:0pt">“. S* H0 k9 G0 i2 _+ m7 J
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">群) X! ~0 Z! K, A' j, t/ y; E4 N/ c
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗可以涵养温柔敦厚的性情，提高在群体中生活的能力；所谓7 T6 S1 m( }/ z" ^
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P- Q2 q; `1 p7 ^ |) p. dmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">，就是说学诗还可以锻炼. a D [ |& X; wmso-font-kerning:0pt">“6 n N% E) j' D, T N0 j- M
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mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语7 w5 R* D- G. x4 Rmso-font-kerning:0pt">.; W T' f) R( U: yfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
: o G: S2 z4 N( emso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">八佾》）的胸襟和品格，抒发心中之怨，而又能+ ^2 Q6 `: d: Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ L4 l" o1 i/ P: ^font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
9 G L5 B+ }9 f; O7 r# omso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨而不怒# F: W$ `4 P* a
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Q9 h2 J7 ^: @; {( Y1 pmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">论语集注》），恰到好处，合乎中道。总之，学诗可以使人8 G/ {0 q q/ ?- G( k" i- Hmso-font-kerning:0pt">“/ B0 |6 ~; {. @' Z7 Q+ b1 _font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;' t' K& q3 K# L7 Y, h& r
mso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">思无邪) T. W! k& r( \1 y) v" `
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/ B) k" T3 q: j, z% _% Rmso-bidi-font-family:Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">（《论语8 }) O1 M$ V3 S9 H4 G1 e- D# Xmso-font-kerning:0pt">. @) w; O# O; R% D I) [font-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;0 p5 ?+ I l6 D! o% K
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">继续歪解啊：群呢，就是说物以类聚，大家有共同的审美和爱好，对诗经有雷同的见解，于是呢，就找到好朋友了。所谓怨呢，就是说看到诗经里写的这么美好的事物人物，会生出点点怨气，怨自己为什么没有诗经这么美好的生活，从而激发斗志。) _% y0 N2 V; Z5 W( f- gmso-font-kerning:0pt">0 N) P0 ~* u9 Kfont-family:宋体;mso-ascii-font-family:Tahoma;mso-hansi-font-family:Tahoma;
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' q8 k5 {- L! LTahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">大家是做文秘工作的，写文章，也需要提高文学素养，如能恰到好处地引用几句诗词、名言警句，定会使文稿熠熠生辉。否则，干巴巴的，没有文彩，读之无味。. N6 h& f+ \2 l0 K3 R$ }mso-font-kerning:0pt"> $ K- K% Y$ s8 w9 a E; ^" y
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">我们领导基本把稿子中的诗句都略掉，不读，也许在正式场合没有习总的温柔劲吧8 E% X& `$ V- u, Z
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">怨，是否也指怨刺，有着对社会的不满和抨击，比如《硕鼠》《伐檀》等等/ Z; ?+ V6 V" m& s+ q- t8 Y) qmso-font-kerning:0pt">
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+ l: @& B9 `6 }7 p* DTahoma;color:#006EFE;mso-font-kerning:0pt">贾陆英：" [1 Y7 Z% f4 d' ^ y0pt"> + E7 X4 \2 }: m1 B; J, j' R6 A! H
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Tahoma;color:black;mso-font-kerning:0pt">是啊，大家看看习总的语言风格，文学素养深厚，值得学习。
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300x180 AD
